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Sammargaon Formation
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Sammargaon Fm base reconstruction

Sammargaon Fm

Period: 
Quaternary

Age Interval: 
early to middle Pleistocene


Province: 
Nepal Tethyan Himalaya

Type Locality and Naming

Thakkhola graben fill succession. The Sammargaon Formation is distributed to the north portion of the graben and it is well exposed near the village of Tangbe.


Lithology and Thickness

Breccia, diamictite (glacial episodes), and conglomerate. It is represented by a more than 110 m thick succession of conglomerate and breccia. Its basal part consists of fine-grained calcite-cemented sandstone and parallel-laminated siltstone. There are also a few beds of diamictite (Hurtado et al. 2001).


Lithology Pattern: 
Glacial till


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Underlain by Thakkhola Fm of Mio-Pliocene lacustrine deposits with an erosional unconformity.

Upper contact

Overlain by the Marpha Fm

Regional extent

Thakkhola graben fill succession.


GeoJSON

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Fossils


Age 

Early to Middle Pleistocene

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Gelasian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.0

    Beginning date (Ma): 
2.58

    Ending stage: 
Calabrian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
1.0

    Ending date (Ma):  
0.77

Depositional setting

Alluvial fans and glacial-fluvial environments during middle Pleistocene. The sediments in the Thakkhola–Mustang graben were deposited in alluvial fan, braided river, glacio-fluvial, and lacustrine environments. The paleocurrent directions measured on imbricated pebbles from all formations of the basin show a generally southwards flow, whereas limestone microfacies analysis indicates a flat and shallow lacustrine environment of carbonate deposition (Adhikari 2009).


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

Descriptions from Megh Raj Dhital (2015, Geology of Nepal: Regional Perspective of the Classic Collided Orogen, Springer Publ., 499 pp.).